NEET : Biology (Botany)- 2019 – Exam Mode

Infective constituent in viruses is either DNA or RNA, not protein.

Purines found both in DNA and RNA are Adenine and guanine

GLUT-IV is insulin dependent and is responsible for majority of glucose transport into muscle and adipose cells in anabolic conditions. Whereas GLUT-I is insulin independent and is widely distributed in different tissues.

Goblet cells secrete mucus and bicarbonates present in the gastric juice which plays an important role in lubrication and protection of
the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by the highly concentrated HCl.

To produce enzyme in large quantity equipment required are bioreactors. Large scale production involves use of bioreactors.

Golden rice is vitamin A enriched rice, with a gene from daffodil and is rich in carotene.

Botanical garden – ex – situ conservation (off- site conservation) i.e. living plants (flora) are conserved in human managed system.

Storage of nuclear waste should be done in suitably shielded containers and buried within rocks deep below the earth’s surface (500 m deep)

Microbes are used in production of several household and industrial products – Lactobacillus – Production of curd Saccharomyces cerevisiae – Bread making Aspergillus niger – Citric acid production Acetobacter aceti – Acetic acid

Progestasert and LNG-20 are hormone releasing IUDs which make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.

Fungus Trichoderma is a biological control agent being developed for use in the treatment of plant diseases.

Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are DNA sequences (genes) that are expressed as mRNA for protein synthesis. These are used in human Genome Project.

Colostrum, the yellowish fluid secreted by the mother during initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the new born infant because it contains Immunoglobulin A. It will impart naturally acquired passive immunity to the newborn

Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection. It also helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes. Therefore this is selection at each step, increase the productivity of inbred population. Close and continued inbreeding usually reduces fertility and even productivity.

The correct sequence for transport of sperm cells in male reproductive system is Seminiferous tubules ->Rete testis  ->Vasa efferentia ->Epididymis ->Vas deferens ->Ejaculatory duct ->Urethra ->Urethral meatus

Frequency of dominant allele (say p) = 0.4 Frequency of recessive allele (say q)
= 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
∴ Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA)
= p2 = (0.4)2 = 0.16
Frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa)
= 2pq = 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48
Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa)
= q2 = (0.6)2 = 0.36

(a) Pila is a Mollusc. The mouth contains a file – like rasping organ for feeding called radula.
(b) Bombyx is an Arthropod. In Bombyx excretion takes place through malpighan tubules.
(c) Pleurobrachia is Ctenophore. The body bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plates, which help in locomotion.
(d) Taenia is a platyhelminth specialised cells called flame cells helps in osmoregulation and excretion

Sub metacentric chromosome is Heterobrachial.
Short arm designated as ‘p’ arm (p = petite i.e. short)
Long arm designated as ‘q’ arm

During flowering, photoperiodic stimulus is perceived by leaves of plants.

Hypothalamus in the thermoregulatory centre of our brain. It is responsible for maintaining constant body temperature.

Lysosomes and Vacuoles do not have DNA.

Individuals with Klinefelter’s syndrome have trisomy of sex chromosome as 44 + XXY (47). They show overall masculine development, gynaecomastia and are sterile.

Xylem is associated with tanslocation of mainly water, mineral salts, some organic nitrogen and hormones.

Relative contribution of various greenhouse gases to total global warming is

•  CO₂ = 60%
•  CH₄ = 20%
• CFC = 14%
•  N₂O = 6%

Therefore CO₂ and CH₄ are the major greenhouse gases

To control the deleterious effect of the stratospheric ozone depletion an international treaty was signed at Montreal, Canada in 1987. It is popularly known as Montreal protocol.

The phenomenon in which female gamete develops into embryo without getting fused with male gamete (fertilisation) is called parthenogenesis.

Genital herpes is caused by type-II-herpes simplex virus. At present there is no cure for type-II-herpes simplex virus and therefore the disease caused, genital herpes. Other non- curable STIs are hepatitis-B and HIV.

The body is able to differentiate self and nonself and the cell-mediated response is responsible for graft rejection.

The proximity between loop of henle and vasa recta as well as counter current in them help in maintaining an increasing osmolalrity towards the inner medullary interstitium. This mechanism help to maintain a concentration gradient in medullary interstitium so human urine is nearly four times concentrated than initial filtrate formed.

In recombinant DNA technology bacteria is able to produce human insulin because genetic code is nearly universal.

Lysosomes bud off from trans face of Golgi bodies.
Precursor of lysosomal enzymes are synthesised by RER and then send to Golgi bodies for further processing.

Concept of “Omnis cellula-e cellula” regarding cell division was proposed by Rudolph Virchow.

a and b statements are incorrect because dialysis eliminates urea and potassium from the body whereas, c and d are correct. As phosphate ions are eliminated during dialysis, along with that calcium ions are also eliminated. So, there will be reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastrointestinal tract. RBC production will be reduced, due to reduced erythropoietin hormone.

The direction of movement of sugar in phloem is bi-directional as it depends on source-sink relationship which is variable in plants.

Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle mostly due to genetic disorder is muscular dystrophy where as tetany is muscular spasm due to low calcium in body fluid. Myasthenia gravis is an anto immume disorder leading to paralysis of skeletal muscles. Botulism is rare and dangerous type of food poisoning caused by bacterium Clostridium Botulinum.

True segmentation is present in Annelida, Arthropoda and Chordata. They also have organ system level of organisation, bilateral symmetry and are true coelomates

Alfred Sturtevant explained chromosomal mapping on the basis of recombination frequency which is directly proportional to distance between two genes on same chromosome

Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognising a specific sequence. Each restriction endonuclease functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence. Once it finds its specific recognition sequence, it will bind to the DNA and cut each of the two strands of the double helix at specific points in their sugar- phosphate backbone.

Yeast is an unicellular sac fungus. It lacks filamentous structure or hyphae.

In parietal placentation the ovules develop on the inner wall of ovary or in peripheral part. eg. Mustard, Argemone etc.

Habitat loss and fragmentation is the most important cause driving animals and plants to extinction.
eg: Loss of tropical rainforest reducing the forest cover from 14 % to 6 %.

According to Hugo de Vries, mutations are random and directionless.
Devries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called saltation (single step large mutation).

Amount of CO₂ released